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Turabian footnotes
Turabian footnotes












turabian footnotes

It is best to consult with your professor to determine the preferred citation style. For the parenthetical reference (author-date) system (commonly used in the sciences and social sciences), please refer to the separate guide Turabian Parenthetical/Reference List Style. Traditionally, disciplines in the humanities (art, history, music, religion, theology) require the use of bibliographic footnotes or endnotes in conjunction with a bibliography to cite sources used in research papers and dissertations. Whenever you refer to or use another's words, facts or ideas in your paper, you are required to cite the source.

turabian footnotes

For types of resources not covered in this guide (e.g., government documents, manuscript collections, video recordings) and for further detail and examples, please consult the websites listed at the end of this guide, the handbook itself (LAU Ref Desk LB 2369. Kate Turabian created her first "manual" in 1937 as a means of simplifying for students The Chicago Manual of Style the seventh edition of Turabian is based on the 15th edition of the Chicago Manual. The examples in this guide are meant to introduce you to the basics of citing sources using Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (seventh edition).

  • Booth Family Center for Special Collections.
  • Rare Books, Manuscripts, Art & Archives.
  • Insert one blank line between each note.
  • Begin each note with its number in regular text (not superscript).
  • If you are working on a document or dissertation that has separate chapters, restart each chapter with note 1. If you edit your paper and insert a footnote in the introduction, the rest of your footnotes will automatically renumber. For example, if you are using Microsoft Word, the software will take care of your numbering for you.
  • Number the notes consecutively, beginning with 1.
  • turabian footnotes

    Norton, 1998), 102–7 Bruno Nettl, “Improvisation, Extemporization,” in The New Harvard Dictionary of Music. Oliver Strunk, ed., Source Readings in Music History, rev ed., ed. Massimo Ossi, Divining the Oracle: Monteverdi’s seconda prattica (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 34.ġ4.

  • In a note with multiple citations, separate the citations with semicolons.ġ3.
  • 14 Do not create multiple notes, like this.
  • If your note number refers to more than one source, put all the citations together in the same note, like this.
  • These superscripts appear after any final punctuation, whether it is a period, quotation mark, or closing parenthesis.
  • Footnote or endnote numbers are indicated in the text by means of superscripts, like this.













  • Turabian footnotes